Galbanum, from

Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin, the product of an umbelliferous Iranian Persian plant species, Ferula gummosa (or galbaniflua). It is the only true source of “soft Galbanum.” Many other species of Ferula genus also produce gums, but of greatly varying qualities. Traditional gum gathering is done with a locally made, wrought-iron tool. In May-June, when the leaves are dry, the plant’s roots are exposed and the outgrowth is scored to release a white to straw-yellow resin which slowly solidify upon exposure to the air. Mentioned in the texts of all major ancient civilizations, galbanum was long ago assigned mystical and healing powers. Today it is used in perfumery.